Digital Varves

Northeastern U.S. Chronology Download

Varve sequences and individual outcrop or bore hole measurements from New England that are not a part of the original NEVC (lower and upper Connecticut varves) of Antevs are available here for download. These records include some long sequences and some sequences correlated by Antevs (1928) over long distances but not connected to the NEVC. There are also individual outcrop records that either have been matched to the NEVC or are unconnected records. For links to the original NEVC varve sequences of Antevs (1922, 1928) go to the NEVC Master Chronology Download page.

Individual varve sequences can be downloaded: 1) from the varve file menu, 2) from a map showing their geographic location (area from which varve sections were measured to produce the varve sequence), or 3) from a time scale showing the relative ages and overlap of the varve sequences with the NEVC and other records. You also have the option of downloading a folder with all of the northeastern U.S. files. The downloadable data files are all in ASCII text files. Some files have just varve year and total couplet thickness while others may have varve year and summer bed, winter bed, and total couplet thickness. Headers in the data files explain their content.

  • Download by Filename
  • Download from Map
  • Download from Timeline

All files are ASCII text files assembled with separate columns for varve year and either 1) couplet thickness in centimeters, or 2) summer layer, winter layer, and total annual couplet thickness in centimeters. All numbers (NEVC and otherwise) run from low number (older) to high number (younger). Right-click on any of the links in blue below and choose "save file as..." or " save link as..." to download the desired file. Those links that are named XXXXfolder are .zip archives which contain the associated text files. You must uncompress these files using 7zip (free), winzip (fee) or the integrated Windows or Mac decompression utilities.

Download ALL Northeastern U.S. Data (~5.5 MB .zip archive)

All items below are links to individual Notheastern U.S. varve data files or folders. You may also download from a map or download from a timeline.

New Jersey

  • NJ101.TXT Varves 1-200, Little Falls, NJ, site #101 plot from Antevs (1928). Not connected to NEVC.
  • NJREEDS.TXT Varves -1097 to 1434 from Lake Hackensack plots of Reeds (1926), Little Ferry, NJ. Not connected to NEVC, most of sequence is non-glacial.
  • HACK1-5.TXT Varves 1-952, Lake Hackensack, northeastern NJ, HACKENSACK 1-5 plots of Antevs (1928). Note: same varves as Reeds (1926) but different numbering system with more varves than counted by Reeds in same sequence. Intervals that match Reeds are: A20 to 333 = R-1063 to -750, A560 to 694 = R-641 to -507, A780-852 = R-405 to -333. Not connected to NEVC.
  • HACK6-8.TXT Varves 1101-1490, Lake Hackensack, northeastern N.J., HACKENSACK 6-8 plots of Antevs (1928). Note: same varves as Reeds (1926) but different numbering system with more varves than counted by Reeds in same sequence. Intervals that match Reeds are: A1101 to 1120 = R1 to 20, A1290 to1400 = R230 to 340. Not connected to NEVC, most of sequence is non-glacial.

Sequence on Long Island, NY

  • NY122.TXT Varves 1-71, Glen Head, north shore of Long Island from Antevs (1928). Not connected to any other sequence.

Sequences in Rhode Island

  • RI141.TXT Varves 1-102, in Antevs’ (1928) section 141 south of Providence in bluff on west side of Narragansett Bay near Gaspee Point. Not connected to any other sequence.
  • RI142.TXT Varves 1-157, in Antevs’ (1928) section 142 south of Providence and east of Narragansett Bay in clay pit near Barrington. Not connected to any other sequence.
  • RI143.TXT Varves 1-54, in Antevs’ (1928) section 143 in providence near Seekonk River along railroad. Section rests on bouldery substrate, probably till. Not connected to any other sequence.

Sequences in eastern Massachusetts

  • MA144.TXT Varves 1-41 in Antevs’ (1928) section 144 in brickyard at Taunton. Not connected to any other sequence.
  • MA145.TXT Varves 1-89 in Antevs’ (1928) section 145 in brickyard at Middleboro. Not connected to any other sequence.
  • MA146.TXT Varves 1-165 in Antevs’ (1928) section 146 in brickyard at Bridgewater. Section rests on sand. Not connected to any other sequence.
  • MA147.TXT Varves 1-19 in Antevs’ (1928) section 147 in brickyard north of Bridgewater. Not connected to any other sequence.

Hudson Valley, Haverstraw, NY/Quinnipiac Valley, New Haven, CT correlated sequences

  • HUDA0-7.TXT Varves 1-700, Hudson Valley, Haverstraw, N.Y., NEW HAVEN A1-A4 plots of Antevs (1928). Not connected to NEVC.
  • HUDB1-6.TXT Varves 101-577, Hudson Valley, Haverstraw, N.Y., NEW HAVEN B1-B3 plots of Antevs (1928). Not connected to NEVC.
  • CONNH2-6.TXT Varves 201-544, Quinnipiac Valley, New Haven, Conn., NEW HAVEN C2-C3 plots of Antevs (1928). Not connected to NEVC.

Middletown to New Britain, CT area

  • CTBerlin folder Varves in 3 measured sections near Berlin, Conn. correlated to each other. Till near base of some sections. All sections overlain by what Antevs’ interprets as clayey till. Included are the following records:
    • CTBerlB.TXT – Varves 1-33, bottom plot of Antevs (1928) Berlin sequence
    • CTBerlT.TXT – Varves 1-37, top plot of Antevs (1928) Berlin sequence
    • CTBr136.TXT – Varves 1-16, plot of Antevs’ (1928) section 136 near Berlin, Antevs’ correlation to other Berlin records not as clear as correlation of other two.
  • CTNwfld.TXT Varves 1-39 constructed by Antevs (1928) from three sections at Newfield, Conn. north of Middletown. One section interpreted by Antevs to be overlain by clayey and stony till.
  • CT132.TXT Varves 1-32 of section 132 of Antevs (1928) NW of Newfield, Conn. Not connected to any other section. Sequence overlies till and is overlain by package of “compressed” and deformed varves and till.
  • CT137.TXT Varves 1-33 with a gap in section 137 of Antevs (1928) in New Britain, Conn. Antevs refers to this as the New Britain sequence. Not connected to any other sequence.
  • CT138.TXT Varves 1-12 in section 138 of Antevs (1928) in Connecticut Valley north of Middletown. Section rests on till and is overlain by till composed of deformed varves.

Lower Connecticut Valley (matched to NEVC)

  • KFCswT.TXT Varves NE 3617-4168, Connecticut Valley, Kelsey Ferguson Brickyard, Redland Brick Co., East Windsor, Conn. as published in Stone and others (2005). Measured by Jack Ridge from outcrop cores (summer, winter, and total couplet thickness). Three adjacent outcrop transects (A, B, C) were fused to form the varve record.
  • CHIC1b.TXT Varves NE 3586-3639, along Center Street in Chicopee, Massachusetts on east side of Connecticut River. Sequences rests on till composed of reworked lake beds, probably from Chicopee readvance, and grades upward into deltaic sand. Measured by Jack Ridge and Charles Pace at outcrop.
  • UMASS.TXT Varves NE 4638-6027 from long cores, Connecticut Valley, Amherst, Massachusetts on Univ. of Massachusetts campus as reported in Rittenour (1999). Original measurements with notes on errors and core conditions. Gaps between core drives and in contorted layers.
  • MASSRR folder Varves measurements at the River Road section, South Deerfield, Massachusetts. Data files include: RRThom84.TXT – measurement of NE 5103-5238 at River Road section by George Thomas. Digitized from graph in Thomas (1984). RRLevy98.TXT – measurement of NE 5008-5201 at River Road (east) section by Laura Levy (1998).
  • HINTOP.TXT Varves NE 5533-5587, Connecticut Valley, Hinsdale, NH, Measured at outcrop by Jack Ridge, Sarah Brown, and Jake Woland.
  • CANOEBK folder Varve records from the Canoe Brook section in Dummerston, VT. Data files include: CANOEBK.TXT - Varves NE 5685-6234, Connecticut valley, Dummerston, VT. from Ridge and Larsen (1990) with later added couplets at base of section. Measured at outcrop by Jack Ridge and Fred Larsen. CanBk5yr.TXT – 5-yr running average of CANOEBK.TXT described above.
  • MILLBK.TXT Varves NE 5752-6024 Varve record from Mill Brook, Connecticut Valley, Putney, VT. Measured at outcrop by Jack Ridge.
  • VTBFalls folder Folder with Varve records and location maps of sections (PDFs) north of Bellows Falls, VT. and the Williams River Valley along the west side of the Connecticut River on Commissary and Little Commissary Brooks, and an unnamed brook all south of Hogan Hill. Included are the following records:
    • 591bfw.TXT - NE 6094-6158 on Little Commissary Brook
    • 592bfw.TXT - NE 6075-6157 on Little Commissary Brook
    • 593bfw.TXT - NE 6138-6188 on Little Commissary Brook
    • 597bfw.TXT - NE 6221-6259 on Commissary Brook
    • 600bfw.TXT - NE 6099-6127 on unnamed brook
    • 601bfw.TXT - NE 6095-6109, 6115-6148, and 6158-6183 (2 bluffs) on unnamed brook
    • 602bfw.TXT - NE 5974-5994 on unnamed brook
    • 639bfw.TXT - NE 6077-6235 on Commissary Brook

Merrimack Valley (matched to NEVC)

  • MER1.TXT Varves NE 5959-6200, bank of Merrimack River, Garvins Falls Rd. north of Soucook River, Concord, N.H. Measured at outcrop by Sharon Zaboly Kelley and jack Ridge as reported in Ridge and others (2001).
  • MER2.TXT Varves NE 5924-6243, Hayward Brook, Penacook, N.H. Measured at outcrop by Meredith Kelly and jack Ridge as reported in Ridge and others (2001).
  • MER3.TXT Varves NE 6050-6194, Bryant Brook, Canterbury, N.H. Measured at outcrop by Meredith Kelly, Rich Pendleton, and Jack Ridge as reported in Ridge and others (2001).

Upper Connecticut and Passumpsic Valleys (correlated to NEVC)

  • NEWBURY folder Folder with data files from Newbury, VT:
    • NEWBswT.TXT Varves NE 6944-8676, Newbury, VT., Connecticut Valley site #73 of Antevs (1922), fully measured in outcrop cores as reported in Ridge and Toll (1999). Cumulative uncertainty above NE 7510 at 8676 is +35/-20. (summer, winter, and total couplet thickness)
    • NEWB5yr.TXT 5-yr running average of total varve thickness for the Newbury, VT. section (NEWBswT.TXT listed above).
  • LOUG.TXT Varves NE 7036-7087, Comerford Dam, Vt., Connecticut Valley, measurement of Lougee (1935).
  • ComDam.TXT Varves NE 7036-7154, near Lougee’s Comerford Dam site in Vermont, average of three transect measurements by Marc Brochu and Jack Ridge as published in Ridge and others (1996).
  • VTEBarn folder Folder with sequences measured in gully 1 km west of Comerford Dam in East Barnet,VT. by Sarah Brown and Jack Ridge as published in Ridge and others (1996):
    • BAR1.TXT – NE 7215-7350
    • BAR2.TXT – NE 7241-7294
  • PAS1.TXT Varves NE 7039-7176, Passumpsic Valley, East Barnet, VT., Inwood area of Antevs (1922). Measured at outcrop by Mark Brochu and Jack Ridge as published in Ridge and others (1996).
  • PAS2.TXT Varves NE 7051-7785 with some minor gaps, Passumpsic Valley, East Barnet, VT. Measurement of outcrop cores by Brant Wilson (2000). (summer, winter, and total couplet thickness).
  • VTWellsR folder Folder contains 5 outcrop records from the Wells River valley near Wells River, VT. These records form four sequences (A-oldest to D-youngest) with some gaps that span approximately 520 years. Only crude matches have been found between the sequences and the upper Connecticut varves of the NEVC. Deposition in the Wells River valley was in a tributary embayment of the glacial lake in the Connecticut Valley and the Wells River valley became an environment where deposition was dominated by meteoric input to the lake with no or very minor glacial runoff. Summer layers in the Wells River valley are beds deposited by summer runoff events and winter layers are frequently interrupted by sand partings and layers that probably represent late summer precipitation events in an environment where clay deposition begins in the late summer. As a result, annual layers are difficult to interpret and these records are very difficult to measure accurately. Thus, it is very difficult to confidently match the records to the NEVC, which is formulated from records of glacial varves dominated by glacial runoff deposition. The approximate time of deglaciation in this area, very crude intermittent matches with the NEVC in places, overall trends in varve thickness, and some key event horizons (especially NE7500 associated with a prominent change in varve lithology) suggest the following tentative correlations:
    • Sequence A (201-450) in WR1AswT.TXT and WR2AswT.TXT = NE 7090-7340
    • 1-yr gap between sequences A and B
    • Sequence B (1-23) in WR1BswT.TXT = NE 7342-7364
    • 2-yr gap between sequences B and C
    • Sequence C (1-90) in WR1CswT.TXT = NE 7367-7413
    • 20-yr gap between sequences C and D
    • Sequence D (1-133) in WR1DswT.TXT = NE 7475-7607

Lamoille and Winooski Valleys, VT

  • ESSEX folder Folder with varve sequences of Lamoille and Winooski Valleys near Burlington, Essex Junction, and Cambridge, VT. Sequences are bounded above by marine sediment and upper-most varves may be in part marine. Sequences include:
    • ESSEXA.TXT Varves 1-345, Winooski and Lamoille Valleys, near Burlington in Essex Junction area, ESSEX A1-A2 VT plots of Antevs (1928). Not connected to NEVC.
    • ESSEXB.TXT Varves 55-153, 158-284 Winooski Valley, near Burlington in Essex Junction area, ESSEX B1-B2 VT plots of Antevs (1928). Not connected to NEVC.
    • ESSEXC.TXT Varves 78-305, Lamoille Valley, Cambridge, Vt., ESSEX C1-C2 VT plots of Antevs (1928). Not connected to NEVC.
  • VTMUZY.TXT Varves NE 6979-7254 (intermittent match) at Muzy Road section in Dog River valley, 6 km SW of Montpelier (Larsen and others, 2001). Measured at outcrop by Fred Larsen. Correlated by Jack Ridge.
  • VTWRVL.TXT Varves NE 7024-7204 (intermittent match) at Wrightsville Dam section in North Branch of Winooski River 5 km north of Montpelier (Larsen and others, 2001). Measured at outcrop by Fred Larsen and Stephen Wright. Correlated by Jack Ridge.

Northern Vermont (not connected to NEVC)

  • NorthVT Folder with small isolated sequences and outcrop records of Antevs (1928) from northern Vermont, which are not connected to the NEVC. Included are the following sequences and records:
    • VTCol160.TXT – outcrop record (Antevs’ section 160, local years 1-175) from Malletts Brook, Colchester/Milton line.
    • VTFrfx.TXT - record from Antevs’ sections 161-163 (local years 1-178) from Fairfax.
    • VTCam167.TXT - record from Antevs’ section 167 (local years 1-26) from Cambridge.
    • VTOrl175.TXT - record from Antevs’ section 175 (local years 1-104) from Orleans.
    • VTOrl176.TXT - record from Antevs’ section 176 on Barton River (local years 1-27) between Orleans and Coventry. Sequences at Coventry connected to each other (local years 1-111)
    • VTCovA.TXT - record from Antevs’ section 177 and 178 (1-111)
    • VTCovB.TXT - record from Antevs’ section 179 (26-46) VTCovC.TXT - short auxiliary record from Antevs’ section 177 (25-31)
    • VTNwpt.TXT - record from Antevs’ sections 180-181 on bluffs of Lake Memphremagog near Newport (local years 1-140)

Champlain Valley, New York

  • NYKIP.TXT Varves 1-67 in bluff section at Keeseville Industrial Park on Ausable River, Keeseville, New York. Varve section rests on till. Measured in outcrop cores by Jack Ridge. Not connected to any other sequence.
  • NYBEEK.TXT Varves 1-194 with gaps of uncertain duration, stream cut along Ray Brook in Beekmantown, New York. Varve sequence rests on till. Sequence may not be useful for regional correlation because of gaps and changes in varve thickness over small distances at outcrop. Measured from outcrop cores by Jack Ridge and Katie Matthews. Not connected to any other sequence.

Maine

  • CORN.TXT Varves NE 6077-6117, Cornish, Maine, Ossipee River Valley as reported in Ridge and others (2001), Measured at outcrop by Brandy Canwell and Jack Ridge
  • SS1LR.TXT Varves 1-171, Sandy Stream, Jackman, Maine from Nichols (2004). Measured by Jonathan Nichols and Jack Ridge from outcrop cores. (summer, winter, and total couplet thickness)

Southern Quebec adjacent to Vermont (not connected to NEVC)

  • SoQUEB Folder with small isolated sequences and outcrop records of Antevs (1928) and Parent and Occhietti (1999) from southern Quebec adjacent to Vermont, which are not connected to the NEVC. Included are the following sequences and records:
    • QUE144.TXT - record from just north of US border at Antevs’ Canadian section 144 (local years 1-272) along Tomifobia River near Beebe.
    • QUE145.TXT - record from just north of US border at Antevs’ section 145 (local years 1-60) on Tomifobia River near Beebe (not connected to 144). Sequences at Tomifobia on Tomifobia River (local years (1-51)
    • QUE146.TXT - section 146 of Antevs’ (1-51)
    • QUE147A.TXT - section 147 of Antevs’ (24-46)
    • QUE147P.TXT - section 147 of Antevs’ (16 yr sequence below local yr 1)
    • QUE148.TXT - small 15-yr section resting on till at Ascot NE of Sherbrooke, Antevs’ section 148.
    • QUE149.TXT - record from Antevs’ section 149 (local years 1-55) 38 km NW of Sherbrooke near Richmond.
    • QUEDanv.TXT - section on Riviere Landry near Danville (local years 1-103 of Parent and Occhietti, 1999).

The map below has links that allow you to download the individual varve sequences outside of the original NEVC according to the location or section of a valley where varves were measured to create the sequence.

The timeline below has links that allow you to download the individual varve sequences outside of the original NEVC according to age. The plot shows how the different sequences of the NEVC overlap in time.