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Globalization and Sustainable Development

Collaborative Projects   Researchers   Publications  

Since 1999, the Global Development and Environment Institute’s Globalization and Sustainable Development Program has examined the social and environmental impacts of economic integration in developing countries, with a particular emphasis on NAFTA and the WTO. The goal of the program is to identify policies and international agreements that foster sustainable development. In addition to cross-cutting work on Mexico under NAFTA, the program’s work is divided into three broad areas:

New Models for Global Economic Governance:  How might proposed trade agreements such as the WTO’s Doha Round affect social and environmental conditions in the nations that become party to them? GDAE has four projects in this area: critiquing economic models of the gains from trade; working to create more policy space for industrial development in global economic governance; US agricultural policies in a global economy; and intellectual property and public health.

Sustainable Industrial Development: To what extent do current proposals for economic integration foster sustainable industrial development?  This research is divided into three areas: foreign direct investment, export competitiveness, and the environment.

Sustainable Rural Development: GDAE research illuminates the ways in which global economic integration must be managed to serve the needs of the larger society, including rural communities. Further collaborative research focuses on policies that can revalue peasant agricultural production in the context of globalization.  GDAE also examines the contribution of U.S. agricultural policies to farmers' livelihoods challenges.


Collaborative Projects

Working Group on Development and Environment in the Americas: GDAE initiated the Working Group on Development and Environment in the Americas in 2004, bringing together economic researchers from several countries in the Americas to evaluate the social and environmental impacts of economic liberalization. The goal is to contribute empirical research and analysis to the ongoing policy debates on national economic development strategies and international trade.  The Working Group has completed three projects, each resulting in a policy report and other publications (see below).  A fourth project, on intellectual property, is in the planning stages.  Published reports:

Toward a Southern Consensus on Globalization and Development Many developing nations are now deviating from the much discredited “Washington Consensus” of economic policy reforms.  In collaboration with India-based Research and Information Systems for Developing Countries (RIS), and the Research Center for Economic Change (CENIT) in Argentina, GDAE will bring together prominent policy-makers, economists, and members of civil society to articulate a “Southern consensus” on globalization and development policy to frame an alternative to the Washington Consensus.

Mexico in the NAFTA Era: Collaboration with The Science, Technology, and Development Program (PROCIENTEC) at the Colegio de Mexico: GDAE has collaborated with this Mexico City-based institute since 2000 on a wide variety of projects, including economic theory, industrial development, and agriculture. Further information on the institute and a partial selection of its publications are available on this web site (click here).


Researchers

Kevin P. Gallagher, GDAE Senior Research Associate, focuses on trade and industrial development. His recent books include The Enclave Economy: Foreign Investment and Sustainable Development in Mexico’s Silicon Valley (with Lyuba Zarsky). Gallagher also serves as a professor of international relations at Boston University. He writes a regular column on globalization and development for The Guardian.

Timothy A. Wise, Director of GDAE's Research and Policy Program and its Globalization and Sustainable Development Program, is a specialist in social aspects of sustainable development. He is the co-author of the book (in English and Spanish), Confronting Globalization: Economic Integration and Popular Resistance in Mexico.

Lyuba Zarsky, GDAE Senior Research Fellow, works on sustainable industrial development.   Her recent books include The Enclave Economy: Foreign Investment and Sustainable Development in Mexico’s Silicon Valley (with Kevin Gallagher). She is also a professor at the Monterrey Institute.

Kenneth Shadlen is a Senior Research Fellow at GDAE and a senior lecturer (associate professor) of Development Studies at the London School of Economics and Political Science. He is the author of Democratization Without Representation: The Politics of Small Industry in Mexico (Penn State University Press, 2004). His current research addresses the politics of intellectual property.

Roberto Porzecanski, a pre-doctoral fellow at GDAE, is a doctoral candidate at the Fletcher School of Law and Diplomacy at Tufts.  His research focuses on the political economy of foreign investment in the Southern Cone.

Ann Helwege, GDAE Senior Research Fellow, is the co-author of Latin America’s Economy. She teaches at Boston University.

Maria del Carmen Vera-Diaz, Senior Research Fellow with GDAE’s Globalization and Sustainable Development Program, focuses on large-scale agricultural expansion, in soybeans and other crops, driven by the growing bio-fuel market and the impact on deforestation, protected areas, and indigenous lands in the Amazon Basin.


Globalization Publications
(To get notified of new GDAE publications, click here)

In addition to the following books, articles and reports, see Kevin P. Gallagher's regular Guardian columns on globalization and development. For a list of downloadable publications by Timothy A. Wise by topic (Latin America and Rural Development, Trade and Global Governance, U.S. Agricultural Policy), see his C.V. See also GDAE publications on Mexico under NAFTA.

Books

Rethinking Foreign Investment for Sustainable Development: Lessons from Latin America, Edited by Kevin P. Gallagher and Daniel Chudnovsky, Anthem Press, 2009.

Handbook on Trade and the Environment, Edited by Kevin P. Gallagher, Edward Elgar Publishing, 2008.

The Political Economy of Hemispheric Integration: Responding to Globalization in the Americas, Edited by Diego Sánchez-Ancochea and Kenneth C. Shadlen, Palgrave Macmillan, 2008.

The Enclave Economy: Foreign Investment and Sustainable Development in Mexico's Silicon Valley, Kevin P. Gallagher and Lyuba Zarsky, The MIT Press, 2007

Watch an interview with Kevin Gallagher about The Enclave Economy, along with economist and Leontief Prize winner Ha-Joon Chang.

Putting Development First: The Importance of Policy Space in the WTO and IFIs, Edited by Kevin P. Gallagher, Zed Books, 2005.

Globalización y medio ambiente: Lecciones desde las Américas, Edited by Hernán Blanco, Luciana Togeiro de Almeida y Kevin P. Gallagher, RIDES-GDAE, 2005

Free Trade and the Environment: Mexico, NAFTA, and Beyond, Kevin P. Gallagher, Stanford University Press, 2004.

International Investment for Sustainable Development, Lyuba Zarsky, editor, Earthscan, 2004.

Confronting Globalization: Economic Integration and Popular Resistance in Mexico, Timothy A. Wise, Hilda Salazar, and Laura Carlsen (eds.), Kumarian Press and Editorial Miguel Angel Porrua, 2003. (Published in Spanish as Enfrentando la Globalizacion: Respuestas Sociales a la Integracion Economica de Mexico, Laura Carlsen, Tim Wise, and Hilda Salazar, eds., Editorial Miguel Angel Porrua, 2003.)

Earthscan Reader on International Trade and Sustainable Development, Kevin P. Gallagher and Jacob Werksman (eds.), Earthscan Publications, 2002.

Papers, Articles and Reports

“The Environmental Impacts of Soybean Expansion and Infrastructure Development in Brazil’s Amazon Basin,” by Maria del Carmen Vera-Diaz, Robert K. Kaufmann, and Daniel C. Nepstad, GDAE Working Paper No. 09-05, June 2009.

"Congressional Testimony on Improving Investment Agreements," Kevin P. Gallagher, May 14, 2009.

“Reforming and Reinforcing the Revolution: The Post-TRIPS Politics of Patents in Latin America,” by Ken Shadlen, GDAE Working Paper No. 09-02, April 2009.

"Global Crisis in Need of Global Solutions," by Kevin P. Gallagher, in Latin American Trade Network LATN Nexos 7, March 2009.

"Trading our Way Out of the Financial Crisis: The Need for WTO Reform," by Kevin P. Gallagher and Timothy A. Wise, Americas Program Policy Brief, Center for International Policy, March 4, 2009. (A version of this article is also available in Spanish here: http://www.ircamericas.org/esp/5943). (This article also appeared in Rebuilding Global Trade: Toward a Fairer, More Sustainable Future).

“Nafta’s Unhappy Anniversary,” by Kevin P. Gallagher and Timothy Wise, The Guardian, February 2009.  [A Spanish version of this article appeared in the Mexican daily La Jornada. The Opinion Sur, an Argentina-based online publication, has also published Portuguese and Spanish versions of this article]. Also see Kevin P. Gallagher's Regular Guardian Columns.

“The Economic Crisis and the Developing World: What Next?” Kevin P. Gallagher, Interview with Robert Wade and José Antonio Ocampo, Challenge, vol. 52, no. 1, January/February 2009, pp. 27–39.

“Boom for Whom? Family Farmers Saw Lower On-Farm Income Despite High Prices,” by Timothy A. Wise and Alicia Harvie, GDAE Policy Brief 09-02, February 2009.

“Sweetening the Pot: Implicit Subsidies to Corn Sweeteners and the U.S. Obesity Epidemic,” by Alicia Harvie and Timothy A. Wise, GDAE Policy Brief 09-01, February 2009.

“Resources, Rules and International Political Economy: The Politics of Development in the WTO,” by Ken Shadlen, GDAE Working Paper No. 09-01, January 2009.

Putting Development Back in the WTO,” by Timothy A. Wise and Kevin P. Gallagher, PSE, December 2008.
This article is part of a recently published booklet, " Looking beyond Doha? New thinking on trade policy and development"

“The Global Financial Crisis and Foreign Direct Investment in Latin America”, by Kevin P. Gallagher, Latin American Trade Network, Serie Brief No. 44, November 2008.

“21st Century Trade Agreements: Implications for Long-Run Development Policy” by Rachel Denae Thrasher and Kevin P. Gallagher, The Pardee Papers, No. 2, The Frederick S. Pardee Center for the Study of the Longer-Range Future, September 2008.

Published reports by the GDAE-sponsored Working Group on Development and Environment in the Americas:

“The Limited Promise of Agricultural Trade Liberalization,” by Timothy A. Wise, Working Group Discussion Paper DP19, July 2008.

"The Shrinking Gains from Global Trade Liberalization in Computable General Equilibrium Models," by Frank Ackerman and Kevin P. Gallagher, International Journal of Political Economy, vol. 37, no. 1, Spring 2008. (NOTICE: Author Posting. (c) M. E. Sharpe, Inc., 2008. This article may be used for research, teaching, and private study purposes. Any substantial or systematic reproduction, re-distribution, re-selling, loan or sub-licensing, systematic supply or distribution in any form to anyone is expressly forbidden.)

“FDI Spillovers and Sustainable Industrial Development: Evidence from U.S. Firms in Mexico’s Silicon Valley,” Lyuba Zarsky, Kevin Gallagher. Working Group Discussion Paper DP18, April 2008.

“When More Is Less: The Limited Impact of Foreign Investment in the Americas,” by Kevin P. Gallagher and Andrés López, Americas Program Policy Brief, Interhemispheric Resource Center, June 11, 2008.

"Back to the Drawing Board: No Basis for Concluding the Doha Round of Negotiations" by Kevin P. Gallagher and Timothy A. Wise, RIS Policy Brief #36, April 2008.

"Comment: Congress is right to oppose trade deal with Colombia," by Kevin P. Gallagher, Reuters, April 9, 2008.

“Understanding Developing Country Resistance to the Doha Round,” by Kevin P. Gallagher, Review of International Political Economy, 15:1, February, 2008, 62-85.

"Climbing Up the Technology Ladder? High-Technology Exports in China and Latin America" by Kevin P. Gallagher and Roberto Porzecanski, U.C. Berkeley Center for Latin American Studies Working Paper No. 20, January 2008.

“The Politics of Patents and Drugs in Brazil and Mexico: The Industrial Bases of Health Policy,” by Ken Shadlen, Comparative Politics, forthcoming 2009 (earlier version appeared as GDAE Working Paper No. 07-05, December 2007).

"Free Trade Agreements in the Americas: Worth the Investment?" by Kevin P. Gallagher, Bridges Trade Monthly, ICTSD, Nov.-Dec. 2007 (Also published in Spanish in ICTSD's Puentes).

"Feeding at the Trough: Industrial Livestock Firms Saved $35 billion From Low Feed Prices," by Elanor Starmer and Timothy A. Wise, GDAE Policy Brief 07-03, December 2007.

"Living High on the Hog: Factory Farms, Federal Policy, and the Structural Transformation of Swine Production," by Elanor Starmer and Timothy A. Wise, GDAE Working Paper No. 07-04, December 2007.

"Declining Poverty in Latin America? A Critical Analysis of New Estimates by International Institutions," by Ann Helwege and Melissa B.L. Birch, GDAE Working Paper No. 07-02, September 2007.

"Multinationals and the “Maquila Mindset” in Mexico’s Silicon Valley," by Lyuba Zarsky and Kevin P. Gallagher, Americas Program Policy Brief, Interhemispheric Resource Center, October 12, 2007.

"Relevance of ‘Policy Space’ for Development: Implications for Multilateral Trade Negotiations," by Nagesh Kumar and Kevin P. Gallagher, RIS Discussion Paper #120, March 2007.

"No Fast Track to Global Poverty Reduction," by Timothy A. Wise and Kevin P. Gallagher, GDAE Policy Brief 07-02, April 2007.

"Greening U.S. Trade," by Kevin P. Gallagher, Policy Innovations, April 9, 2007.

"The WTO and the Shrinking of Development Space—How Big is the Bite?" by Alisa DiCaprio and Kevin P. Gallagher, Journal of World Investment and Trade, Volume 7, no. 5, October 2006.
A policy brief based on this article appeared as "Measuring the Cost of Lost Policy Space at the WTO," Americas Program, International Relations Center, March 20, 2007.
This document was also published in Spanish and Korean.

"Industrial Livestock Companies' Gains from Low Feed Prices, 1997-2005," by Timothy A. Wise and Elanor Starmer, GDAE Policy Brief 07-01, February, 2007.

"Policy Space for Mexican Maize: Protecting Agro-biodiversity by Promoting Rural Livelihoods," by Timothy A. Wise, GDAE Working Paper No. 07-01, February, 2007. (This paper has also been published in Spanish.)

"Do Investment Agreements Attract Investment? Evidence from Latin America," by Kevin P. Gallagher and Melissa B.L. Birch, Journal of World Investment and Trade v7, no6., December 2006.

"Feeding the Factory Farm: Implicit Subsidies to the Broiler Chicken Industry," Elanor Starmer, Aimee Witteman and Timothy A. Wise, GDAE Working Paper No. 06-03, June, 2006.

"Is NAFTA Working For Mexico?" by Kevin P. Gallagher, The Environmental Forum, May/June 2006.

"Doha Round and Developing Countries: Will the Doha deal do more harm than good?" by Timothy A. Wise and Kevin P. Gallagher, RIS Policy Brief #22, April 2006.

"Rethinking Foreign Investment for Development," By Kevin P.Gallagher and Lyuba Zarsky, Published in Post-Autistic Economics Review, Issue no. 37, April 28, 2006.

"Doha's Hidden Price Tag" By Kevin P. Gallagher, Bridges Trade Monthly, March-April, 2006.

"The Missing Links between Foreign Investment and Development: Lessons from Costa Rica and Mexico," February, 2006. Eva A. Paus and Kevin P. Gallagher.

"The WTO's Development Crumbs," By Timothy A. Wise, Foreign Policy in Focus, January 23, 2006.

"Brazil: Trading Away Industrial Development?" Kevin P. Gallagher, IRC Americas Program Policy Report, December 13, 2005.

"The Hong Kong Ministerial: What’s at Stake for the Poor?" By Timothy A. Wise and Kevin P. Gallagher, Bridges Trade Monthly, December 2005. (Also available in Spanish.)

"Preserving Policy Space for Sustainable Development: The Subsidies Agreement at the WTO," Francisco Aguayo Ayala and Kevin P. Gallagher, Trade Knowledge Network/IISD, December 2005. 

"Identifying the Real Winners from U.S. Agricultural Policies," Timothy A. Wise, GDAE Working Paper No. 05-07, December, 2005.

"Policy Space for Development in the WTO and Beyond: The Case of Intellectual Property Rights," by Ken Shadlen, GDAE Working Paper 05-06, November 2005.

"The Doha Round's Development Impacts: Shrinking Gains and Real Costs,"
RIS Policy Brief #19,
by Timothy A. Wise and Kevin P. Gallagher, November 2005.

"Revaluing Peasant Coffee Production: Organic and Fair Trade Markets in Mexico," by Muriel Calo and Timothy A. Wise, October 2005.

"The Shrinking Gains from Trade: A Critical Assessment of Doha Round Projections," Frank Ackerman, GDAE Working Paper No. 05-01, October 2005.

"CAFTA and the environment," by Kevin P. Gallagher, The Providence Journal, April 11, 2005.

"Understanding the Farm Problem: Six Common Errors in Presenting Farm Statistics," by Timothy A. Wise, GDAE Working Paper No. 05-02, March 2005.

"CAFTA's False Promise," by Kevin P. Gallagher, Americas Program Policy Brief, International Relations Center, March 21, 2005.

"Testing Two Views Of Trade's Environmental Impacts," interview with Kevin P. Gallagher in EcoAmericas, February 2005.

"Free Trade and the Environment: Mexico, NAFTA, and Beyond," by Kevin P. Gallagher, Americas Program Policy Brief, Interhemispheric Resource Center, September 17, 2004. (Published in Spanish in La Jornada en la Economia, August 9, 2004, "Libre Comercio y Ecologia: El Paraiso Contaminante."

"The Environmental Costs of Agricultural Trade Liberalization: Mexico-U.S. Maize Trade Under NAFTA," Alejandro Nadal and Timothy A. Wise. Working Group Discussion Paper DP04, June 2004.

"Economic Integration and the Environment in Mexico: Lessons for Future Trade Agreements," Kevin P. Gallagher. Working Group Discussion Paper DP06, June 2004.

“Fair Trade in Tropical Crops is Possible: International Commodity Agreements Revisited,” by Niek Koning, Muriel Calo, and Roel Jongeneel. North-South Centre Discussion Paper No. 3, Wangeningen University, June 2004.

"Barking Up the Wrong Tree: Agricultural Subsidies, Dumping, and Policy Reform," Bridges Trade Monthly, May 2004. (Also available in Spanish, in Puentes entre el comercio y el desarrollo sostenible.)

"The Paradox of Agricultural Subsidies: Measurement Issues, Agricultural Dumping, and Policy Reform" by Timothy A. Wise, GDAE Working Paper 04-02, May 2004.

"NAFTA, Foreign Direct Investment, and Development in Mexico", by Kevin P. Gallagher and Lyuba Zarsky, Americas Program Policy Brief, Interhemispheric Resource Center, January 28, 2004.

"Sustainable Industrial Development? The Performance of Mexico’s FDI-led Integration Strategy," by Kevin P. Gallagher, and Lyuba Zarsky, November 2003.

"A Fate Worse Than NAFTA: Mexico's Failure to Implement Farm Protections,"
by Timothy A. Wise, Center for Popular Economics, November 17, 2003.

"Fields of Free Trade: Mexico's Small Farmers in a Global Economy," by Timothy A. Wise, Dollars & Sense, November/December 2003.

"International Trade and Air Pollution: The Economic Costs of Air Emissions from Waterborne Commerce Vessels in the United States" Kevin P. Gallagher and Robin Taylor, GDAE Working Paper 03-08, September 2003.

"Nothing Fails Like Success: NAFTA's Sorry Track Record in Mexico"
by Timothy A. Wise, Center for Popular Economics, September 1, 2003.

"The Environmental Review of the FTAA: Examining the U.S. Approach," Kevin P. Gallagher, Carnegie Endowment for International Peace, Trade, Equity, and Development Series, No. 7, August 2003.

"Free Trade, Corn, and the Environment: Environmental Impacts of US-Mexico Corn Trade Under NAFTA," Frank Ackerman, Timothy A. Wise, Kevin P. Gallagher, Luke Ney, and Regina Flores, in Trade and Environment in North America: Key Findings for Agriculture and Energy (Montreal: North American Commission for Environmental Cooperation, 2003), and published with permission as GDAE Working Paper No. 03-06, June 2003.

NAFTA's Untold Stories: Mexico's Grassroots Responses to North American Integration, Timothy A. Wise, Americas Program Policy Report (Silver City, NM: Interhemispheric Resource Center, June 10, 2003).

Searching for the Holy Grail: Making FDI Work for Sustainable Development, Lyuba Zarsky and Kevin P. Gallagher, WWF Analytical Paper, March 2003.

"Economic Reform, Energy, and Development: The Case of Mexican Manufacturing" Francisco Aguayo and Kevin P. Gallagher, GDAE Working Paper 03-05, July 2003.

"NAFTA: A Cautionary Tale," by Timothy A. Wise and Kevin P. Gallagher, published by Foreign Policy in Focus and the "Americas Program" of the Interhemispheric Resource Center, October 24, 2002. (Also available in Spanish.)

"The Fiscal Impacts of Investment Provisions in U.S. Trade Agreements" by Kevin P. Gallagher and Frank Ackerman, published by Taxpayers for Common Sense, May 2002.

"Economic Analysis in Environmental Reviews of Trade Agreements: Assessing the North American Experience" by Kevin P. Gallagher, Frank Ackerman, and Luke Ney, April 2002. 

"Is the United States a Pollution Haven?" by Frank Ackerman, published by Foreign Policy in Focus and the "Americas Program" of the Interhemispheric Resource Center, March 1, 2002.  (Also available in Spanish.)

"Fast Track: Fix It or Nix It" by Kevin Gallagher, published by Foreign Policy in Focus and the "Americas Program" of the Interhemispheric Resource Center, January 25, 2002. (Also available in Spanish.)

"A Retrospective Review of FERC's Environmental Impact Statement on Open Transmission Access," a report for the North American Commission for Environmental Cooperation on energy deregulation in North America, co-authored by Frank Ackerman with Tim Woolf, Geoff Keith, and David White of Synapse Energy Economics, October 19, 2001.  (Available as PDF file from Synapse web site.)

"Is NACEC a Model Trade and Environment Institution? Lessons from Mexican Industry,"  Kevin P. Gallagher, GDAE Working Paper 01-08, October 2001.(The final version of this paper is now available as "The CEC and Environmental Quality: Assessing the Mexican Experience," in John Knox and David Markel, eds., Greening NAFTA: The Experience and Potential of the North American Commission for Environmental Cooperation. Palo Alto: Stanford University Press, 2002.)

GDAE Submits Comments to USTR: Building on its critique of the misuses of economic modeling in assessing the potential environmental impacts of trade agreements, GDAE and some of its Latin American collaborators have submitted formal comments to the USTR on proposed trade agreements. Those filings are available at:

"Dirt is in the Eye of the Beholder: The World Bank Air Pollution Intensities for Mexico" Francisco Aguayo, Kevin P. Gallagher, and Ana Citlalic Gonz^lez, GDAE Working Paper 01-07, July 2001.

"Have Faith in Free Trade: The Greatest Story Oversold" (PDF) Kevin Gallagher, Foreign Policy in Focus, June 2001.

"Can Openers and Comparative Advantage: Alternative Theories of Free Trade and Globalization" (PDF) Frank Ackerman, Speech presented to the Environment Forum of the Peoples' Summit of the Americas, April 2001.

"Community Control in a Global Economy: Lessons from Mexico's Economic Integration Process" (PDF)  Timothy A. Wise and Eliza Waters, GDAE Working Paper 01-03, February 2001.

"The Limits of Economic Modeling in the FTAA Environmental Review. (PDF) Frank Ackerman, Kevin Gallagher, and Alejandro Nadal, comments filed with the U.S. Trade Representative's Office, January 2001.

"Trade Liberalization and Industrial Pollution in Mexico: Lessons for the FTAA." (PDF) Kevin Gallagher, GDAE Working Paper 00-07, October 2000. This paper is no longer available as a GDAE Working Paper, as it will appear as "Industrial Pollution in Mexico: Did the NAFTA Matter?" in The Environment and the FTAA: What Can We Learn from the NAFTA Experience? Carolyn Deere and Daniel Esty (eds). (Cambridge: MIT Press, 2002).

"Trade Liberalization and Pollution Intensive Industries in Developing Countries: A Partial Equilibrium Approach." (PDF) Kevin Gallagher and Frank Ackerman, GDAE Working Paper 00-03, January 2000.

"Social and Environmental Impacts of NAFTA: Grassroots responses to economic integration"  Hilda Salazar and Laura Carlsen, eds.  This bilingual booklet on some of the case studies from the "Community Control" research is available on the RMALC web site.

Publications from GDAE's Mexican partner institute, PROCIENTEC, can also be found on this web site.  (See PROCIENTEC Working Papers.)


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