Professor Lynne Pepall, Chair; Industrial organization, applied microeconomics
Professor Lawrence S. Bacow, Environmental economics
Professor Yannis Ioannides, Max and Herta Neubauer Chair in Economics; Macroeconomics, growth, urban economics, housing
Professor Gilbert E. Metcalf, Public finance, applied microeconomics
Professor George Norman, William and Joyce Cummings Family Chair in Entrepreneurship and Business Economics; Industrial organization, spatial economics, microeconomics
Professor Daniel Richards, Industrial Organization, macroeconomics
Professor Enrico Spolaore, Political economics, international economics, macroeconomics, public finance
Associate Professor Marcelo Bianconi, Macroeconomics, international economics
Associate Professor Drusilla Brown, International trade theory and policy
Associate Professor David Dapice, Economic development, macroeconomics, public finance
Associate Professor Rajeev Dehejia, Applied Economics, labor economics, econometrics, development economics
Associate Professor Thomas Downes, Public finance, economics of education
Associate Professor David Garman, Applied econometrics
Associate Professor Edward Kutsoati, Money and financial markets, applied microeconomics
Associate Professor Linda Datcher Loury, Labor, income distribution
Associate Professor Margaret McMillan, Development
Associate Professor Sharun Mukand, Political economy, international
Associate Professor (part-time) Winifred Rothenberg, Economic history
Associate Professor Jeffrey Zabel, Econometrics, labor economics
Assistant Professor Karen Eggleston, Health, transition, Chinese development
Assistant Professor Henry Sunghyun Kim, Open economy macroeconomics
Assistant Professor Jay P. Shimshack, Environmental economics, applied microeconomics
Assistant Professor Chih Ming Tan, Macroeconomics, growth
Lecturer John Straub, Public economics, applied econometrics

The mission of the department is to teach students to be critical thinkers and to use the discipline of economics to analyze and solve problems associated with important economic, political and social issues. These issues range from international economic relations, economic development, growth, income inequality, environment, education, housing and competition policy. The courses that we offer along with our continuing interaction with other scholars at Tufts and elsewhere help prepare our students to be leaders in the community at large after they leave the university.

Undergraduate Concentration Requirements
Courses that can be offered to meet the concentration requirement in economics must satisfy the department's policies as outlined in the Economics Department Handbook, available from the department or on the department's Web site at http://ase.tufts.edu/econ/. The handbook contains information on grading standards, acceptability of courses taken at Tufts and elsewhere, and other details of the concentration requirements.

There are two options available for the student who wishes to concentrate in economics. Option I, the major in economics, is less structured and allows more flexibility in the choice of courses. Option II, the major in quantitative economics, is designed for students with an interest in mathematics and statistical methods. This option is best for those who are contemplating graduate study in economics or the more quantitative areas of business and finance.

Each economics major must complete three levels of courses: mathematics courses, normally completed by the end of the sophomore year; core courses, which cover the elements of economic theory and method; and elective courses. Elective courses are selected by the student but must meet criteria summarized below and detailed in the handbook. Normally, students should satisfy the prerequisite prior to enrolling in any core course, and should complete the core courses prior to taking elective courses. A minimum grade of C- is required for all core and elective courses used to satisfy these concentration requirements.

Both Option I and Option II place restrictions on the student's choice of electives; these restrictions are summarized below.

MATHEMATICS COURSE(S)
Mathematics 11, or any higher-level mathematics course approved by the department. Students can waive all or part of this requirement by showing adequate prior preparation as determined by the Departments of Economics or Mathematics (for example, through the Advanced Placement tests). Students may substitute Mathematics 5 and 6 for Mathematics 11. Students in the class of 2007 who make this substitution and who complete a second concentration must keep in mind that, for purposes of determining the number of courses that can overlap between the economics concentration and the second concentration, the economics concentration requires nine courses.

CORE COURSES
For majors in the class of 2007, three core courses are required: Statistics (Economics 13), Intermediate Microeconomics (Economics 11), Intermediate Macroeconomics (Economics 12).

Beginning with the class of 2008, four core courses are required: Statistics (Economics 13), Intermediate Microeconomics (Economics 11), Intermediate Macroeconomics (Economics 12), and Basic Econometrics (Economics 15).

These courses serve as prerequisites for most upper-level economics courses. In place of Economics 13, students can take Mathematics 162, Civil Engineering 102, or Economics 201. Courses in other Tufts departments are normally not accepted as substitutes for Economics 13. In place of Economics 15, students can take Economics 107 or Economics 202. In place of Economics 18, students can take Economics 205.

ELECTIVE COURSES
Majors must successfully complete five upper-level economics courses numbered Economics 20 or above. At least three of these five courses must be suitable courses numbered at the 100 level or above. See the handbook for details.

Majors in the class of 2007 may substitute Economics 15 for one of the upper-level economics courses numbered at the 100 level or above.

BASIC MATHEMATICS COURSES
Mathematics 11 and 12. Students can waive all or part of this requirement by showing adequate prior preparation as determined by the Departments of Economics or Mathematics. Students should be aware that Mathematics 17 and 18 can be offered as substitutes for Mathematics 11, 12, and 13.

For students in the classes of 2007, 2008, and 2009, four core economics courses are required: Statistics (Economics 13 or 201, or Mathematics 162, or Civil Engineering 102), Econometrics (Economics 107 or 202), Microeconomics (Economics 16 or 203), and Macroeconomics (Economics 18 or 205). One core mathematics course or its equivalent must also be completed: Mathematics 46 or Economics 105. No course offered as a core course can also be used as an elective course.

Beginning with the class of 2010, five core courses are required: Statistics (Economics 13), Intermediate Microeconomics (Economics 11), Quantitative Intermediate Microeconomics (Economics 16 or 203), Quantitative Intermediate Macroeconomics (Economics 18 or 205), and Econometrics (Economics 107 or 202). Students must complete Economics 11 before taking either Economics 16 or Economics 203. One core mathematics course is also required: Mathematics 46. No course offered as a core course can also be used as an elective course. Students in the classes of 2008 and 2009 who have not completed Economics 16 are strongly encouraged to pursue this option when completing their major.

ELECTIVE COURSES
Quantitative economics majors must complete four additional upper-level economics courses numbered Economics 20 or above. There are three restrictions on choice. First, at least three of these four courses must be suitable courses at the 100 level or higher. Second, at least one of the four elective courses must be a 100-level economics course with a research paper, or a senior thesis credit. Third, at least one elective course must have Economics 16 or 18 or 107 as a prerequisite.

Recommendations for Honors
To receive the department's recommendation for summa or magna cum laude, eligible candidates must demonstrate outstanding intellectual force. Included in the ways the department judges this attribute are: active contribution in classes; superior performance in the core courses of intermediate micro and macro theory and statistics; quality of projects pursued, especially class and seminar papers; and quality of a written thesis and its defense. Students wishing to be reviewed for magna or summa honors must complete at least one economics course in which a research paper or project is required, and which has Economics 11/16, 12/18, or 13 as a prerequisite.

Undergraduate Minor Program
Minor in Economics
The minor in economics is designed for students who have done substantial work in economics but who do not choose to complete all the requirements for a concentration. The structure of the minor is similar to that of the concentration in economics. The basic course provides a foundation for the treatment of theory and method that are used in the core courses, and these core courses are prerequisites for most elective courses. This hierarchy of courses makes it difficult to complete the minor in fewer than three semesters. The five-course requirement for the minor is given below.

BASIC COURSE
One course graded C- or above:
Principles of Economics (Economics 5) or equivalent

CORE COURSES
Two courses graded C- or above:
Intermediate Microeconomic Theory (Economics 11 or 16 or 203); and either
Intermediate Macroeconomics (Economics 12 or 18 or 205); or
Statistics (Economics 13 or 201, or Mathematics 162, or Civil Engineering 102)

ELECTIVE COURSES
Minors must successfully complete two elective courses in economics. These two elective courses must include one from Economics 12 or above and one from Economics 100 or above. Exceptions will be made for those who wish to use both Economics 86 and Economics 87 as electives and for those who wish to use Economics 15 as their upper-level (above Economics 100) elective. Courses offered to complete the core may not be counted as electives.

Master of Arts
Candidates normally will have completed the work required for a baccalaureate degree. Although concentration in economics is not required, some exposure to the subject is preferred, especially in the areas of intermediate theory and statistics. Students lacking this minimum training, but possessing a good background in a related discipline, may be admitted with the understanding that remedial work will be required. All applicants except Tufts undergraduates in arts and sciences must submit the results of the Graduate Record Examination (GRE) with their application.

RESIDENCE
A minimum of eight semester courses is required for the master's degree, two of which may be satisfied by the successful completion of the thesis requirement. (See Thesis Option below.)

PROGRAM OF STUDY
Candidates are expected to take four courses per semester. This includes the statistics/econometrics sequence, the microeconomic theory sequence, and the macroeconomic theory sequence. The department offers several elective seminar classes to round out a student's program. In addition, classes in other graduate programs at Tufts such as those offered by the Fletcher School and the Department of Urban and Environmental Policy and Planning may be used to satisfy the degree requirement pending departmental approval.

MATHEMATICS REQUIREMENT
Students must demonstrate satisfactory proficiency in the application of mathematical techniques to economic analysis. Students may meet this requirement by passing an exemption examination given at the beginning of both the fall and spring semesters. Alternatively, students may enroll in Economics 105 for credit and demonstrate proficiency by earning a grade of B- or better.

THESIS OPTION
If this option is selected, each candidate must present, and successfully defend by oral examination, a thesis that shows competence in independent investigation and that demonstrates critical power as well as ability in expression. Students are urged to keep their master's theses within manageable proportions and should realistically plan to have them completed before the beginning of the second school year.

TEACHING ASSISTANTSHIPS
A limited number of teaching assistantships are available. Application must be made through the department. The department considers all teaching and research experience to be an integral part of its program.