English

Professor Lee Edelman, Chair; Fletcher Professor of English Literature; Modern poetry, literary theory
Professor Elizabeth Ammons, Harriet H. Fay Professor of Literature; American literature, women writers
Professor Jay Cantor, History of consciousness, modernism, creative writing
Professor Deborah Digges, Modern poetry, creative writing
Professor Carol Flynn, Eighteenth-century British literature
Professor John M. Fyler, Chaucer, medieval literature
Professor Alan Lebowitz, Creative writing, American literature
Professor Joseph Litvak, Nineteenth-century British literature
Professor Jonathan Wilson, Fletcher Professor of Rhetoric and Debate; American literature, creative writing
Associate Professor Linda Bamber, Women and literature, Shakespeare
Associate Professor Kevin Dunn, Renaissance literature
Associate Professor Sheila Emerson, Victorian literature
Associate Professor Judith Haber, Renaissance literature
Associate Professor Sonia Hofkosh, British romantic literature
Associate Professor Modhumita Roy, World literature in English
Associate Professor Christina Sharpe, Multiethnic literature
Assistant Professor Barbara Rodríguez, African-American literature, American literature, women's studies
Assistant Professor Lecia Rosenthal, Twentieth-century British modernism
Lecturer Jonathan Strong, Creative writing
Lecturer Michael Ullman, Expository writing

The Department of English offers a wide range of courses in British, American, ethnic, and world literatures in English; film; literary theory; and creative writing. Though diverse, these offerings are unified by the study of textual production and the styles and practices of writing in English. Courses in the department examine literary works in their most illuminating contexts: historical, social, philosophical, and political. The department's courses in expository and creative writing enable students to refine their skills through reading, frequent writing assignments, and discussion.

The department serves the interests of students who plan to become teachers or writers of literature, as well as those preparing for other professions or fields that demand skills in cultural analysis, effective writing, close reading, symbolic interpretation, and media analysis. Our courses are especially valuable to a liberal arts education because they engage students in the study of information, language, and symbolic representations in a rapidly changing world.

Undergraduate Concentration Requirements
English majors work out a sequence of courses with their advisers. A list of approved courses for each category is available online through the English department Web site: http://ase.tufts.edu/english. Students must take ten courses listed or cross-listed in the department above English 1, 2, 3, and 4 as follows: 
1) One survey course: English 36, 51, 52, or 59. 
2) Two non-survey courses in American, British, or other Anglophone literature written before 1860, including at least one course in British literature prior to 1830. No more than one such course may be on Shakespeare. 
3) Two non-survey courses from the following: American literature since 1860, Anglophone literature since 1860, British literature since 1830. 

In constructing their majors, students are expected to work with their advisers to design a coherent but wide-ranging course of study. English majors should take survey courses early in their study in order to establish valuable foundations. We encourage all students majoring in English to explore the full historical range of offerings; to investigate the spectrum of textual differences to be found in the study of Anglophone literatures, film, and oral traditions; and to include exposure to recent approaches in English studies, such as women's studies, literary theory, historical materialism, and cultural studies. With the help of their advisers, English majors should seek to create programs of study that expand their knowledge and challenge their preconceptions.

Undergraduate Minor Program
The minor in English requires students to take six courses in the department above English 1, 2, 3, and 4. The purpose of the minor is to allow students to experiment widely, or to follow a particular interest with some concentration. Therefore, each minor will be individual not only in content but also in concept. All students should try, however, to include at least one course numbered below 100 and one above 100 and should consult with faculty members as they pursue their minors. Beginning with the class of 2007, students may count a maximum of three creative writing courses towards fulfillment of the minor in English.

Graduate Program
The graduate program in English literature, American literature, and world literature in English is varied and flexible. It offers special opportunities for literary analysis with a focus on cultural studies. Many of the department's period, genre, and interdisciplinary courses lend themselves to a broadly conceived program in literature and culture, including interdisciplinary work. Approved courses in other departments may be taken to that end. Fall admission only.

Master of Arts
A master's candidate is required to complete six semester courses. Two of these will be required graduate seminars. Because doctoral degree candidates are required to take a comprehensive examination in their third year, students are advised to take courses that offer them breadth as well as depth. At the end of the master of arts year, they will take a written examination to demonstrate their critical and analytical skills. One month before the examination they will be assigned two texts to prepare. The examination will test their ability to integrate critical, theoretical, and contextual analyses of the texts.

The examining committee will confer with the candidate about his or her work at Tufts and will consult with the candidate's instructors. On the basis of this appraisal the department will recommend whether or not the candidate should be granted the master of arts; it will also determine whether or not the candidate should be admitted to the doctoral degree program.

The required reading knowledge of a foreign language must be demonstrated by an examination taken at Tufts University.

Students holding teaching assistantships in their second year of graduate work are normally expected to complete the requirements for the master of arts before taking up the appointment.

Doctor of Philosophy
Admission to the doctoral degree program is open to students who have completed with distinction the requirements for the master's degree in English. Decisions about candidacy for the doctoral degree are made after the master of arts written examination.

In the second and third years, doctoral candidates will be offered the opportunity to increase their comprehensive mastery while they begin to concentrate on one particular area or subject. Given that most students will be teaching assistants at this time, it is assumed that they will take four courses each year. They will be advised to take at least one graduate seminar each year.

At the end of the third year or in the beginning of the fall semester of the fourth year, each student will take a two-hour oral comprehensive examination. The examining committee will comprise four faculty members, one of whom has been selected by the student as someone familiar with the student's work in class.

No standardized list of texts is issued for this examination. The graduate program is small and one advantage of its size is that students' individual and diverse interests can be accommodated. It is not the purpose of the examination to have everyone do exactly the same thing. Instead, it is the purpose of the examination to test each student's range and breadth of knowledge. Therefore the following guideline of periods and areas of concentration is to be used by each student to generate a foundation list of works in each period or area for which he or she will be responsible. This list is not intended to be exhaustive or exclusive; not everything the student has read will show up on the list. Critical works on periods and texts will be included on each list. This list of specific titles should be arrived at in consultation with individual faculty members and with the director of the graduate program. The list must be submitted to the director of the graduate program in English at least three months before the oral examination.

Periods and areas of concentration for the doctoral degree comprehensive examination are the following: Old English, Medieval Literature, Sixteenth-Century British Literature, Seventeenth-Century British Literature, Eighteenth-Century British Literature, American Literature before 1820, Nineteenth-Century British Literature, Nineteenth-Century American Literature, Twentieth-Century British Literature, Twentieth-Century American Literature, Contemporary World Literature, Literary Critical Theory. Each student will select eight of the periods or areas for particular development for the comprehensive examination. Students who do not pass the oral examination, in whole or in part, may take the examination again at a later date.

In order to complete the doctoral degree, each student is required to demonstrate by examinations or courses taken at Tufts an ability to read two foreign languages. Alternatively, doctoral candidates may complete with a passing grade at least one graduate-level course in a foreign literature. It is generally expected that this course will be done in a body of literature which is relevant to the student's graduate study.

Once the student has passed the oral comprehensive, he or she will prepare a prospectus for the dissertation. The prospectus will be presented to a committee of two faculty members: one adviser, one in a related field. This presentation must take place not later than six months after the oral examination.

To gain experience in teaching, students in the doctoral program must also assist in undergraduate instruction, usually as readers or teaching assistants, during their two-year period of residency.

Tufts in London
The Department of English cooperates with other departments in offering undergraduates a year of study in England. For more information, see Tufts Programs Abroad.

Undergraduate Courses
Students should examine the English department brochure that describes in advance each semester's courses in fuller detail, usually including reading lists and some discussion of particular approaches and work loads. The brochure is available during the preregistration period.

1 Expository Writing. A study of the principles of effective written communication as a foundation for humane learning. Intensive practice in writing various types of expository prose, especially analysis and persuasion. Essays by authors such as Bronowski, Cleaver, Mary McCarthy, Mailer, Orwell, and Thoreau will be examined chiefly as models of the range and versatility of standard written English. Members of the department

2 College Writing Seminars. Varying seminar topics allow the student to choose among readings and approaches to writing in special fields of interest. Choices have recently allowed students to focus on such subjects as topics in American society, literary analysis, film, journalism, politics, and the environment. Seminars to be offered in a semester are announced in advance. Prerequisite: Either English 1 or English 3, or advanced placement standing of 4. Offered both semesters. Members of the department

3 Reading, Writing, and Research. A course designed to provide intensive practice in reading, writing, and research for students whose native language is not English. Fulfills one semester of the College Writing Requirement. Offered first semester only. Graded pass-fail. Prerequisite: consent. Members of the department

4 Writing Seminar. A course designed to provide intensive practice in reading and writing about literature for students whose native language is not English. Fulfills one semester of the College Writing Requirement. May be counted as a humanities credit for students in the School of Engineering. Offered second semester only. Prerequisite: English 3 and consent. Members of the department

Prerequisite for all courses above 1 to 4: completion of the College Writing Requirement.

5, 6 Creative Writing. A course open to all interested students who want practice and instruction in a workshop situation. Some sections will focus on the writing of poetry, some on fiction, and some on creative nonfiction. Each section is limited to fifteen students. Two courses. Members of the department

8GL Reading and Writing Tutorial. A noncredit course for graduate students whose native language is not English. Prerequisite: consent. Stevens

9, 10 The Writing of Fiction: Intermediate. A middle-level workshop in the writing of fiction. Cantor, Strong

11 Nonfiction Writing. Intensive practice and critical guidance in writing effective prose. Emphasis on weekly papers and on class discussions of student work, but with some reading and study of classical rhetoric. Opportunities to write papers on subjects in fields of personal and academic interest. Open to all who have satisfied the College Writing Requirement. Ullman

13, 14 The Writing of Fiction: Advanced. More advanced than English 9 and 10, this course is for people who have already taken a creative writing course or who have written a fair amount of fiction on their own. English 13 and 14 may be repeated for credit. Lebowitz

22 The Forms of Poetry. Members of this course will meet twice a week for discussion of their poems and of how poems are written. Enrollment limited. Digges

33 The Poem. An introduction to the reading of poetry in English and poetry translated into English, with special attention to the variety of means employed and ends achieved. The course is designed for the beginning English major, the nonmajor, and anyone else interested in the relationship between poetry and experience. Requirements include short analytic papers, imitations, poems, and the compilation of anthologies of poetry. Digges

36 Black World Literature. Fiction, poetry, and drama written principally in English by black writers from Africa, the Caribbean, and South America. Relation of modern black writing to African folk literature, classical Greek drama, European existentialism, and other contexts. Attention to specific geographical areas illustrating the transition from traditional tribal values and forms of expression to the attempted accommodations to colonialism and industrialism. All works are read in English. Roy and Sharpe

37 Twentieth-Century African-American Literature. A treatment of works by fiction writers, poets, playwrights, theorists, and critics, including W.E.B. Dubois, Zora Neale Hurston, Richard Wright, Gwendolyn Brooks, Amiri Baraka, Robert Hayden, Maya Angelou, Adrienne Kennedy, Toni Morrison, Gayl Jones, and Rita Dove.

45 Non-Western Women Writers. An introduction to post-World War II women authors from the non-West, a problematic term used here as a starting point for discussion about the impact of colonization and the effects of decolonization on the social and political construction of women as a category. Writers include Ama Ata Aidoo, Bessie Head, Buchi Emecheta, Mahasweta Debi, Anita Desai, and Nawal al-Saadawi. Roy

50 Literary Studies. Elements of lyric poetry, drama, the novel, and autobiography. Readings by such authors as Donne, W.C. Williams, Shakespeare, E. M. Forster, and Mark Twain. Focus on methods of explication and interpretation, with emphasis on writing analytical criticism. Concepts of form and theories of literature examined in historical contexts. This is a course for first-year students who have an AP-5 in English. Members of the department

51, 52 General View of English Literature. A study of selected works of major authors from the beginning of English literature to the twentieth century. As an introductory course designed as a background to, and point of departure for, more advanced courses, English 51 and 52 offer the student a sense of the development of literature in England and some foundation in habits of critical reading. English 51 deals with works from the Middle Ages to the end of the eighteenth century; English 52 concentrates on the nineteenth century. Fyler, Haber, Emerson, Hofkosh, Roy

59 The Continuity of American Literature. An examination of the chief themes and forms in the development of American literature from the colonial period to the late nineteenth century. Readings are chosen from the principal works of major authors such as Edwards, Bradstreet, Franklin, Wheatley, Emerson, Thoreau, Hawthorne, Douglass, Stowe, Dickinson, Twain, and Chopin. Ammons

61 Short Fiction. The modern American, British, and continental short story and the novella as specially condensed forms for probing a variety of moral, social, psychological, historical, and philosophical forces that move the characters and the readers. Emphasis on freely responsive examination of each work, and the development of imaginative awareness through discussion and writing. Members of the department

62 Film and Society. The variety of social and ideological implications expressed in diverse, evolving film languages and genres, including silent, Hollywood classic, documentary, independent, avant-garde, and non-Western films. An introduction to major critical and theoretical postures toward cinema. The role of cinema in our perception of race, culture, gender, and class. Members of the department

63 American Fiction from 1900 to 1950. Studies in the development of the novel in America from the first half of the century. Reading will include representative works by Cather, Hurston, Fitzgerald, Hemingway, Faulkner, Wright, Bellow, and others. Wilson

64 American Fiction from 1950 to the Present. An exploration of the American literary and cultural landscape since World War II. Readings will likely include representative works by Ralph Ellison, Saul Bellow, Grace Paley, Cynthia Ozick, Tim O'Brien, Toni Morrison, Raymond Carver, and others. Wilson

67, 68 Shakespeare. Each course comprises a study of about ten of Shakespeare's plays, early and late. Some attention is paid to the Elizabethan and Jacobean background, but the course is devoted chiefly to a close reading of the plays and a consideration of the ways in which Shakespeare conceived them for the stage. In no case will the same plays be read in both 67 and 68. Bamber, Dunn, Haber

73 Contemporary Anglophone Literatures. A survey of literatures being produced in England's former colonies: the Indian subcontinent, South Africa, Kenya, Nigeria, and the Caribbean. A major concern will be the production and articulation of resistance in literary works to dominant British culture and ideology. Readings include works by Ngugi, Chinua Achebe, Alex LaGuma, Joan Riley, and Salman Rushdie. Roy

75, 76 Twentieth-Century Poetry. Studies in the major modern poets of Britain and America. English 75 will focus on the poetic works, literary careers, and aesthetic programs of those writers who rooted their poetic modernism in the Anglo-European literary tradition: primarily Yeats, Pound, Eliot, Auden, Thomas, Smith, Hughes, and Heaney. English 76 will examine the forms of American poetry in the twentieth century as represented by the works of such central figures as Frost, Williams, Stevens, Moore, Crane, Lowell, Plath, Bishop, and Ashbery. Edelman

77 The Modern Mind. The intellectual background of modern literature examined in the ideas of Marx, Nietzsche, and Freud, with reference to the influence on contemporary literary thought of neo-Marxists and neo-Freudians, such as Herbert Marcuse and Norman O. Brown. Some attention to various modernist ideologies and movements, such as surrealism and existentialism. Cantor

80 Hitchcock: Cinema, Gender, Ideology. Studies in the major films of Hitchcock with specific attention to the relations among popular culture, narrative cinema, and the social constructions of gender, sexuality, and cultural authority. Emphasis on various theories of cinema and spectatorial relations (feminist, psychoanalytic, queer) and close examination of the representational practices that "naturalize" heterosexual romance in relation to the narrative of "suspense." Edelman

81 Postmodernism and Film. Introduction to postmodernism through the study of late twentieth century and early twenty-first century film in relation to important texts of literary and cultural criticism. The movement from modern to postmodern, originality to mechanical reproduction, identity to difference. Readings from Baudrillard, Benjamin, Butler, Derrida, Foucault, Haraway, Lacan, and Zizek, along with films by Cameron, Gilliam, Polanski, Scott, the Wachowski brothers, and Welles. Edelman

83 Un-American Activities: Popular Culture and the Left. How leftist and liberal politics have shaped popular culture in the United States. Left's responses to characterizations of it as "un-American." Relations between politics and popular culture, from 1940s to present. Development of youth culture and its effects on radical politics. How class intersects with race, gender, and sexuality. Emphasis on film, theater, and television, with attention to relevant literary texts. Offered fall 2002 and alternate years thereafter. Litvak

91, 92 Topics in Literature and Culture. Courses offered on an ad hoc basis and open to all interested undergraduates. Members of the department

Courses for Undergraduate and Graduate Students
For all courses numbered above 100, it is recommended that the student already have taken either English 36, 51, 52, or 59.

101 Old English. An introduction to the earliest form of our language and a study of our earliest literature. The reading comprises a representative sample of Old English poetry and prose, culminating in the epic Beowulf. Fyler

105 The Literature of the Middle Ages. The literature of monasticism and the church, lyrics of the wandering scholars and troubadours, the medieval epics, Arthurian romance, popular tales, and allegory. The Romance of the Rose and the works of Dante are studied as culminating expressions of medieval culture. All readings are in English. Fyler

108 Middle English Literature Excluding Chaucer. A study of the characteristic late-medieval genres, including lyric, allegory, romance, and mystical meditation. Readings include the works of the anonymous genius who wrote Sir Gawain and the Green Knight and Pearl, Malory's Morte D'Arthur, mystery plays, and selections from the autobiographical narrative of Margery Kempe. Fyler

110 Chaucer. A study of the most influential medieval English poet, who is also one of the greatest in our literature. Close reading of Troilus and Criseyde and the Canterbury Tales. Fyler

113 Literature of the English Renaissance. A study of the nondramatic literature of the English Renaissance and its continental backgrounds. May include readings by More, Erasmus, Castiglione, Wyatt, Surrey, Philip and Mary Sidney, Marlowe, Shakespeare, Greville, Queen Elizabeth, Labe, and Spenser. An exploration of the conflicting responses to the new possibilities (political, religious, social, sexual, and literary) that presented themselves during this period. Haber

115 The English Bible. (Cross-listed as Religion 115.) A study of the Old and New Testaments from a literary perspective, examining the King James version as a work of the English Renaissance; with emphasis on the shaping and unity of the Bible's materials, the nature of its various genres and styles, the levels of its meaning, and the sources of its cultural influence. The particular approach is to the typological relationship of the Old and New Testaments to one another from an archetypal and structuralist point of view. Dunn

118 Renaissance Drama. A course focusing on Elizabethan and Jacobean drama. Topics include forms of power and authority, constructions of gender and sexuality, and attitudes toward language and toward the theatre itself. Plays by Marlowe, Kyd, Jonson, Webster, Cary, Middleton and his collaborators, and Ford. Haber

121 English Literature of the Seventeenth Century. A study of the nondramatic literature between the ages of Shakespeare and Dryden. Although the main emphasis is on the poetry of Donne, Jonson, and their followers, attention is also given to the philosophical, political, and religious ferment of the period, and to the growth of modern science, particularly as revealed in the prose of Bacon, Burton, and Browne. Dunn

122 Milton. All the English poems of Milton, together with Areopagitica and the Tractate on Education, are read. Comus, Lycidas, Paradise Lost, Paradise Regained, and Samson Agonistes are studied in detail as distinctive works of art. The evolution of Milton's thought and poetic genius is considered in relation both to his biography and to the forces of Renaissance humanism, Christian liberalism, and political individualism, which made the age a period of rapid evolution. Dunn

123 The Age of Unreason: 1660-1740. A study of British literature and culture of the period from 1660 to 1740. Emphasis on Restoration drama, political satire, and the emerging English novel. Writers include Dryden, Rochester, Behn, Swift, Pope, and Defoe. Flynn

124 Reason and Revolt. The interaction between the literature of the Enlightenment and the new intellectual and social movements of the later eighteenth century: urbanization, industrialization, the reaction against rationalism, and the political revolutions in America and France. Readings will include selections from Boswell's London Journal, The Life of Johnson; Johnson's Rasselas; Burke's Reflections on the Revolution in France; Sterne's A Sentimental Journey; a Gothic novel; poems by Blake; and Austen's Sense and Sensibility. Flynn

125 The Eighteenth-Century English Novel. Studies in the origins and development of the early English novel. We will approach the novel not just as a literary form but as a cultural record that offers rich perspective on the formation of the modern world, particularly on issues of gender and class. Readings from representative works of Defoe, Richardson, Fielding, Cleland, Smollett, Sterne, Burney, and Austen. Flynn

128, 129 The Romantic Period. These courses take a historical view of the early nineteenth century, covering the work of the major poets and other important fiction and nonfiction writers of the period. Registering the great revolutions of the age in all aspects of culture as well as in politics, Romantic literature seeks to define, control, or implement change. The men and women writers of Romanticism investigate the ideas of continuity and difference in explorations of literary form, the creation of subjectivity, the function of landscape, and the dynamics of social relations. Hofkosh

130 Criticism and Society. The careers of three or four major critics of literature, such as Johnson, Coleridge, Arnold, Eliot, Leavis, Trilling, Wilson, and Frye. Their careers will be studied as cultural phenomena; that is, they will be seen against the background of the other ways literature was studied in their time, in relation to their own activities in various realms and in relation to the new poetry and prose of their generation. Members of the department

132 Women and Fiction. An examination of both classic and current English and American fiction by women, with attention to the cultural context of the literary role for women in the nineteenth century and the present day, as it is reflected in their works and in feminist criticism. Bamber

134 The Victorians. Readings in Carlyle, Mill, Dickens, Eliot, Ruskin, Tennyson, Arnold, E. B. and R. Browning. Ways in which language and literary careers were shaped by, and shaped, salient political, social, and aesthetic developments in nineteenth-century Britain. Emerson

135 Empire and Counterculture: British Literature, 1860-1900. Developments in science and the visual arts in relation to poems, essays, and novels that depend on and resist the authority of the Victorian Empire. Readings in Darwin, Ruskin, Arnold, C. and D.G. Rossetti, Pater, Hopkins, Wilde, and Hardy. Emerson

139 Early African-American Literature. An examination of a varied selection of African-American writing and the formation of literary and cultural traditions from the colonial period through the beginning of the twentieth century.

140 The African-American Novel. An exploration of the genre in the context of cultural history. Works by Frances Harper, William Wells Brown, James Weldon Johnson, Zora Neale Hurston, Richard Wright, Ralph Ellison, Alice Walker, Toni Morrison, and John Edgar Wideman. Members of the department

141 American Literature from 1620 to 1815. The evolution of the American literary tradition from the Puritans to the Federalists, studied in relation to the culture of early America. Emphasis on Edward Taylor, Jonathan Edwards, Benjamin Franklin, the writers of the Revolution, and early dramatists and novelists. Rosenmeier

142 Cooper, Emerson, and Thoreau. An examination of these authors' newly American representations of nature and society, with attention to the historical context of antebellum religious, political, and racial turmoil. Members of the department

143 Whitman and Dickinson. Intensive study of the works and lives of these contrasting nineteenth-century contemporaries who exemplify, respectively, a public and a private voice of poetry. Members of the department

144 Poe, Hawthorne, and Melville. Intensive readings of their selected fiction. Lebowitz

145 American Realism. Selected fiction by writers such as Zitkala Sa, DuBois, Howells, James, Sui Sin Far, Chestnutt, Chopin, Harper, and Wharton in the period from 1880 to 1920 with some attention to the cultural milieu that fostered these authors, including increases in immigration, the debate about feminism, the intensification of racism, the spread of poverty, and the values of laissez-faire capitalism. Ammons

146 African-American Women Writers. An examination of the tradition of African-American women's writing, including works by Phillis Wheatley, Harriet Jacobs, Ida B. Wells-Barnett, Zora Neale Hurston, Nella Larsen, Audre Lorde, Lucille Clifton, Toni Morrison, and Elizabeth Alexander. Relevant theory and criticism, including that of Patricia Williams and Hortense Spillers. Members of the department

147 American Women Writers. The complex and rich tradition of women writers of fiction and poetry in America from a multicultural perspective: major figures; important lines of influence; areas of challenge to the traditional canon; and reconstruction and discovery of neglected literary traditions. Sharpe

148 American Indian Writers. Examination of texts written in English from the nineteenth century to the present, including those by authors such as Zitkala Sa, N. Scott Momaday, Leslie Marmon Silko, and Sherman Alexie. Emphasis on historical and political contexts, issues of representation and self-representation, forms of resistance to white racism, debate and difference between and among Indian-authored texts, humor, Indian-authored theory, and contemporary critiques and visions of the future.

149 African-American Criticism and Theory. The twentieth-century African-American critical tradition, including literary and cultural critics such as DuBois, Locke, Hurston, Baker, McDowell, and Spillers. Strategies for gaining control of and shaping the black image; the Black aesthetic; the interrogation of gender by feminism and womanism; debates of the "post-nationalist" period. Some knowledge of African-American literature recommended.

150 The American Slave Narrative. An investigation of the centrality of this autobiographical form in the African-American literary tradition. Discussion of eighteenth- and nineteenth-century slave narratives and their relation to twentieth-century American literature, art, and music.

153 The Nineteenth-Century British Novel. Novels by the great nineteenth-century writers Charles Dickens, George Eliot, William Makepeace Thackeray, Jane Austen, the Brontës, and others. We will approach these works biographically, thematically, and theoretically, attending to changes in the idea of narrative over the course of our period. Marxist, feminist, and psychoanalytic perspectives will be considered. Bamber, Emerson

155 The Twentieth-Century British Novel. Concentrated study of social and aesthetic problems that concerned British novelists during the period. Emphasis on such major writers as Joyce, Lawrence, Forster, and Woolf, with some reference to parallel developments on the continent and in other literary forms. Emerson

156 The Modern European Novel. Novels by writers such as Joyce, Proust, Mann, Kafka, Beckett, and Solzhenitsyn. Consideration of their works as responses to a state of crisis, both personal and historical--a crisis in politics, in literary form, and in psychology--that continues into our own time. Some background in the "traditional" novel will be assumed. Cantor

157 Joyce and Lawrence. Intensive study of the major works, including Ulysses and Women in Love, with emphasis on the authors' divergent literary experiments and innovations that redefined realism. Some attention to historical and cultural contexts, 1900-1930. Members of the department

160 Twentieth-Century Literature of the Indian Subcontinent. The representations of the nationalist movement, the discussions surrounding what was known as "the woman question," and the reaction to the partition of the Indian subcontinent into two sovereign nations: India and Pakistan. Works by Rabindranath, Premchand, Sadaat Hasan Manto, Sarat Chandra, and other canonical authors will be read. Roy

162 Poets on Poetry. An examination of the statements made in essays, diaries, and letters by poets about the art of poetry and the role of the poet, together with a study of their selected poems in light of these statements. Emphasis is on aesthetic theories and on concepts of the poet's vocation. The selection of writers varies from year to year. Digges

163 Hemingway, Fitzgerald, Faulkner. Study of the major novels, focusing on the authors' careers and creative lives and on the environments--cultural and psychological--that influenced their work. Lebowitz

170 Sexuality, Literature, and Contemporary Criticism. An introduction to contemporary approaches to literature that concern themselves with the relation between sexuality and the textual production of meaning. Consideration of current feminist, gay, psychoanalytic, and deconstructive theories of literature in conjunction with the reading of a variety of literary works. Texts for the course will include novels, poems, critical essays, case studies, and films. Edelman

171 Post-structural Literary Theory. An advanced seminar examining in depth selected aspects of the debate over literary theory after structuralism. Issues for consideration will be chosen from such topics as Derrida and the Yale school of criticism, gender studies after Foucault, the new historicism, gynocriticism. Prerequisite: English 170 or consent. Edelman

175 Contemporary Jewish Fiction. (Cross-listed as Judaic Studies 175.) An exploration of the novels and short stories of writers whose work as been at the center of literary life for the last half-century and promises to transport us arguing, laughing, and reflecting deeply into this century as well. Fiction by Saul Bellow, Cynthia Ozick, Philip Roth, Bernard Malamud, Anne Michaels, Primo Levi, and others. Wilson

191, 192 Seminar in English. Courses offered on an ad hoc basis and open to graduate and advanced undergraduate students. Recent topics have included Swift and Fielding, the Shelleys, representing the Holocaust, the nature of Gothic, satire, Whitman and Dickinson, Black filmmakers, and American experimental fiction. Members of the department

193, 194 Special Topics. Guided individual study of an approved topic. Before pursuing such study, the student is normally expected to have taken the department's regular courses on the topic. Credit as arranged; only two such courses may be counted toward the major. Members of the department

199 AT Senior Honors Thesis.

199 BT Senior Honors Thesis.

291, 292 Graduate Seminar. Advanced courses for graduate students only. Recent seminar topics have included Burney and Austen, Troilus and Criseyde, literary theory, postcolonial fiction, the Renaissance, and American women writers. Members of the department

293, 294 Special Topics. Guided individual study of an approved topic. Before pursuing such study, the student is normally expected to have taken the department's regular courses on the topic. Credit as arranged. Members of the department

297, 298 Graduate Research. Guided research on a topic suitable for a doctoral dissertation. Credit as arranged. Members of the department

401PT Master's Continuation, Part-time.

402FT Master's Continuation, Full-time..

501PT Doctoral Continuation, Part-time.

502FT Doctoral Continuation, Full-time.